Mary Earps was born on 7 March 1993 in Nottingham, England, and began playing football with West Bridgford Colts. After developing through youth football, she represented a number of English clubs including Nottingham Forest, Doncaster Rovers Belles, Birmingham City, Bristol Academy and Reading before moving abroad to VfL Wolfsburg in 2018.
Earps returned to England in 2019 to join Manchester United, where she developed into one of the leading goalkeepers in the Women's Super League. She made 102 league appearances for United and won the WSL Golden Glove in 2022/23 before helping the club win the Women's FA Cup in 2024. Earps joined Paris Saint-Germain in July 2024 and spent two seasons in France before returning to the Women's Super League with London City Lionesses in July 2026.
At international level, Earps made her senior England debut against Switzerland in June 2017. She later became the Lionesses' first-choice goalkeeper and played every match as England won UEFA Women's Euro 2022 and reached the final of the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. Her performances at the World Cup earned her the tournament's Golden Glove. Earps retired from international football in May 2025 after earning 53 senior caps.

Earps launched the clothing and apparel business MAE27 in 2023. She was appointed MBE for services to association football in the 2024 New Year Honours and published her autobiography, Mary Earps: All In, in 2025.